Get URLs in CMS pages or static blocks

Base URL:

{{base url=''}}

Store URL:

{{store url='test.html'}}

also only store URL

{{store url=""}}

Media URL:

only get media URL

{{media url=''}}

if you get some folder path

{{media url='imagefolder/imagename.jpg'}}

Skin URL:

{skin url='images/imagename.jpg'}}

only get skin URL

{skin url=''}}

Get URLs in PHP files (incl. templates/PHTML)

Get Base Url in magento:

$baseurl = Mage::getBaseUrl();

Get Base Url without index.php

Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_WEB); 

// output: http://example.com/

Current Url

$currentUrl = Mage::helper('core/url')->getCurrentUrl();

or

$currentUrl = Mage::getUrl('*/*/*', array('_current' => true));

or

if (!in_array(Mage::app()->getFrontController()->getAction()->getFullActionName(), array('cms_index_noRoute', 'cms_index_defaultNoRoute'))) 
{
    $currentUrl = Mage::helper('core/url')->getCurrentUrl();
}

Skin URL:

$skinUrl = Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_SKIN);

Unsecure Skin URL:

$skinUrl = $this->getSkinUrl('images/imagename.jpg');

Secure Skin URL:

$this->getSkinUrl('images/imagename.gif', array('_secure'=>true));

Media URL

$mediaUrl = Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_MEDIA);

or

$mediaUrl = Mage::getBaseUrl('media');

Get Js URL:

$jsUrl = Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_JS);

or

$jsUrl = Mage::getBaseUrl('js');

get store URL:

$storeUrl = Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_WEB);

Get Home URL:

$homeUrl= Mage::helper('core/url')->getHomeUrl();

Get Directory paths

Mage::getBaseDir('design') // Get design directory path
Mage::getBaseDir('code')   // Gives code directory file path
Mage::getBaseDir('lib')    // Gives lib directory file path
Mage::getBaseDir('skin')   // Gives skin directory file path
Mage::getBaseDir('var')    // Gives var directory file path
Mage::getBaseDir('cache')  // Gives cache directory file path
Mage::getBaseDir('log')    // Gives log directory file path

Create module URL:

Mage::getUrl('module/controller/action');